Episode 38: January 26, 2007
Word Choice
Grammar Girl here.
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Today's topic is bad versus badly.
As many of you know, on Monday CNN.com posted a very nice feature about Grammar Girl. Near the end of the article, following a paragraph about listeners being nervous writing to me, I was quoted as saying, “I feel bad about that.” This quote caused a number of you to write in and ask if I should have said, “I feel badly about that.”
Other listeners, including Lynnie in Norwich, Connecticut; Bart in Washington, D.C.; Johanna in St. Catharines, Ontario; Scott in San Dimas, California; Paul in Pennington, New Jersey; and Kayleigh in Boston, Massachusetts had previously written in asking about the difference between bad and badly, so it seems like a good time to tackle this question.
The quick and dirty tip is that it is correct to say you feel bad when you are expressing an emotion. To say, “I feel badly,” implies that there's something wrong with your sense of touch. Every time I hear people say, “I feel badly,” I imagine them in a dark room having trouble feeling their way around with numb fingers.
That's because badly is an adverb, meaning that it modifies a verb. So when you say, “I feel badly,” the adverb badly relates to the verb feel. Since feel means "to touch things," feeling badly means you're having trouble touching things.
A listener named Allison pointed out that people wouldn't say they feel madly or they feel sadly, and she wondered why so many people say they feel badly. Fowler's Modern English Usage notes that it's only appropriate to use bad instead of badly after the verb feel (1). But other sources say this is true of all verbs that describe senses, such as taste and smell (2). For example, “I smell bad” and “I smell badly” have completely different meanings! When you say, “I smell badly,” badly is an adverb that modifies the verb smell. You're saying your sniffer isn't working, just like when you say you feel badly you're saying that your fingers aren't working. When you say, “I smell bad,” bad is an adjective, which means it modifies a noun. You're saying that you stink, just like when you say “I feel bad” you're saying that you are regretful or sad or ill or wicked.
But getting back to Allison's question, the reason people often think they should say they feel badly is that after most other verbs it's correct to use the adverb. For example, if you gave a horrible speech you might say, “It went badly.” If a child threw a fit in a shopping mall, it would be correct to say, “She behaved badly.”
That's all. Scott, who teaches eighth grade, is this week's winner in the Grammar Girl book giveaway. Scott wins a download of the eBook Chris Soth's Million-Dollar Screenwriting Mini-Movie Method. I've read about half of the book and found it to be very practical and interesting. So congratulations, Scott, and please check your e-mail for instructions. I'll put a link on the Grammar Girl website to the eBook page at milliondollarscreenwriting.com for everyone else who wants to put their grammar skills to use by writing a screenplay.
Please send questions and comments to feedback@quickanddirtytips.com or call them in to the voicemail line at 206-338-GIRL 4475). You will also find a complete transcript of this podcast at the Grammar Girl website at quickanddirtytips.com.
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A Note from Grammar Girl
Sometimes it seems that with the English language nothing is set in stone! Some sources argue that it is so common to hear people say “I feel badly” that it is becoming acceptable as a form of expressing sadness or regret. Many dictionary usage notes discuss the issue of everyday usage versus formal usage of bad and badly (3,4,5). I prefer to stick with the firm grammar rules and say, “I feel bad when people are afraid to write to me,” but if you feel strongly about using badly, you could find a source to back you up. (In fact, feel strongly is one of the phrases I have seen used to support the parallel use of feel badly.)
References
- 1. Burchfield, R.W., ed. The New Fowler's Modern English Usage. Third edition. New York: Oxford, 1996, p. 87.
- Bochan, T. L. Parent Primer: Grammar. Scholastic Inc.
http://content.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=1381 (accessed January 25, 2007).
- bad. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bad (accessed: January 25, 2007).
- bad. Dictionary.com. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bad (accessed January 25, 2007).
- Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of American Usage via Questions on Adverbs. North Carolina State University's Online Writing Lab. http://www2.ncsu.edu:8010/ncsu/grammar/Adverb3.html (accessed January 25, 2007).